{"id":26545,"date":"2020-05-17T10:46:52","date_gmt":"2020-05-17T10:46:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/?page_id=26545"},"modified":"2025-03-29T02:00:55","modified_gmt":"2025-03-29T09:00:55","slug":"antitrust-law","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/practice-areas\/antitrust-law\/","title":{"rendered":"Antitrust Litigation and Counseling"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Inner Top Banner and Title Section&#8221; module_class=&#8221;inner-banner-sec&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/court-header-2.jpg&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;120px||20px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;80px||20px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;50px||||false|false&#8221; background_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; 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header_2_text_align_tablet=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_align_phone=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_align_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;32px&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;24px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; header_3_font_size_tablet=&#8221;27px&#8221; header_3_font_size_phone=&#8221;21px&#8221; header_3_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; text_orientation_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_orientation_phone=&#8221;&#8221; text_orientation_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset1&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;2px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;2px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;2px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_color=&#8221;#303030&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_css_main_element_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h1>Antitrust Litigation and Counseling<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Top Content Sec&#8221; module_class=&#8221;top-content-sec&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;60px||0px||false|false&#8221; border_style_all=&#8221;none&#8221; border_width_bottom=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_bottom=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.3)&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;27px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_2_text_align_tablet=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_align_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; text_line_height_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;27px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_2_text_align_phone=&#8221;left&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_3,1_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.0&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/wmarkham.jpg&#8221; alt=&#8221;William Markham, antitrust attorney&#8221; title_text=&#8221;wmarkham&#8221; align=&#8221;right&#8221; align_tablet=&#8221;left&#8221; align_phone=&#8221;left&#8221; align_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Photo of William Markham&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; transform_styles__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_scale__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_translate__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_rotate__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_skew__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_origin__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Antitrust Practice: Index&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; text_font=&#8221;Times New Roman||||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Times New Roman|800|||||||&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;Montserrat|900|||||||&#8221; header_2_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.2em&#8221; header_2_text_align_tablet=&#8221;center&#8221; header_2_text_align_phone=&#8221;&#8221; header_2_text_align_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;27px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; content__hover_enabled=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; content__hover=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><img class=%22wp-image-26421 shiftimg alignleft size-full%22 src=%22https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/wmarkham.png%22 alt=%22%22 width=%22306%22 height=%22458%22 \/><\/p>\n<h2>Our Antitrust Practice<\/h2>\n<ul class=%22lawicon%22 style=%22float: left; margin-top: 20px;%22>\n<li><a href=%22#1%22>Overview of Our Antitrust Work<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=%22#2%22>Our Recent Antitrust Cases and Matters<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=%22#3%22>Our Extensive Trial Experience and Ability to Accept Large Cases<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=%22#4%22>Our Public Appearances in National Media<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=%22#5%22>Our Recent Appellate Appearances in the Ninth Circuit<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=%22#6%22>Our Articles on Antitrust Law<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=%22#7%22>Mr. Markham Speaks on Bloomberg TV<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=%22#8%22>Videos of Mr. Markham&#8217;s Appearances Before the Ninth Circuit<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2> <\/h2>\n<h2> <\/h2>\n<h2> <\/h2>\n<h2> <\/h2>\n<h2> <\/h2>\n<h2> <\/h2>\n<h2> <\/h2>\n<h2> <\/h2>\n<h2 id=%221%22>Overview of Our Antitrust Work<\/h2>\n<p>Antitrust law<a name=%22Our Antitrust Work%22><\/a> is our principal area of expertise. The leader of our antitrust practice is <a title=%22William Markham%22 href=%22https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/attorneys\/william-markham\/%22 data-et-target-link=%22_blank%22 rel=%22noopener noreferrer%22>William Markham<\/a><a name=%22Our Antitrust Work%22><\/a>, who received his law degree from <a title=%22Harvard Law School%22 href=%22http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/%22 data-et-target-link=%22_blank%22 rel=%22noopener noreferrer%22>Harvard Law School<\/a><a id=%22Our Antitrust Work%22 name=%22Our Antitrust Work%22><\/a> and his formative training as an antitrust litigator in a leading global firm. We litigate antitrust claims and conduct antitrust appeals under the laws of the United States and California for both plaintiffs and defendants in civil and criminal antitrust proceedings. We also provide strategic and ongoing antitrust counseling to world-leading businesses, their challengers, other substantial companies, small businesses, and other market participants. We principally represent and advise competitors, commercial customers, and suppliers in matters that concern federal and California antitrust law, and we have extensive experience litigating competitor lawsuits that arise under federal antitrust law. On occasion, we also represent wronged consumers in significant matters. More generally, we have extensive experience litigating and giving advice about matters that concern the following provisions of federal and California antitrust law:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=%22list-style-type: none;%22>\n<ul class=%22lawicon%22>\n<li><strong>Section 1 of the Sherman Act<\/strong> (unlawful restraints of trade) <strong>and California\u2019s Cartwright Act<\/strong> (trade restraints that affect California commerce), including the application of these laws to covenants not to compete, non-solicitation agreements, and other kinds of restrictive contractual covenants.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Section 2 of the Sherman Act<\/strong><br \/>(the monopolization offenses).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Section 3 of the Clayton Act<\/strong><br \/>(exclusive-dealing and tying arrangements).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Section 7 of the Clayton Act<\/strong><br \/>(anticompetitive mergers and acquisitions).<\/li>\n<li><strong>The Robinson-Patman Act<\/strong> (price discrimination) <strong>and California\u2019s Unfair Practices Act<\/strong> (price discrimination that affects California commerce).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Antitrust Violations Arising from the Misuse of Intellectual Property<\/strong>: A business can misuse its intellectual property or improperly invoke intellectual property rights in ways that can violate federal and state antitrust laws. Antitrust claims can arise from a firm&#8217;s misuse of legal rights conferred by patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade dress or trade secrets, but only when the misuse permits the firm to restrain or monopolize trade unlawfully.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>We perform our antitrust work at the highest level of proficiency, have received public recognition, are widely regarded as experts on antitrust matters, and have obtained superb outcomes for our clients, helping them to avoid antitrust liability and obtain appropriate redress for anticompetitive abuses. For a listing of the specific kinds of antitrust matters that we have handled, click <a href=%22https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/our-antitrust-experience-and-expertise\/%22>here<\/a>. For a listing of the different industries in which we have advised and represented clients on antitrust matters, click <a href=%22https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/industries-served\/%22>here<\/a>. For a partial list of some of our notable successes, click <a href=%22https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/antitrust-litigation\/antitrust-matters\/%22 data-et-target-link=%22_blank%22 rel=%22noopener noreferrer%22>here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=%222%22>Our Recent Antitrust Cases and Matters<\/h2>\n<p>In recent years, Mr. Markham has served as lead attorney for the following companies in significant antitrust cases: (1) a substantial maritime shipper in Southern California (Curtin Maritime, lead appellate attorney); (2) a national provider of travel nurses (Aya Healthcare, Inc. and Aya Healthcare Services, Inc., lead attorney during trial and appellate proceedings); (3) a consortium of private-equity lenders (lead attorney); (4) a publicly-held retailer of hardware supplies that operated ninety stores (Orchard Supply Hardware LLC, lead attorney); (5) the largest privately-owned manufacturer of precast concrete products in North America (Jensen Precast, Inc., lead attorney during trial and appellate proceedings); (6) a national polypropylene manufacturer (lead attorney in criminal investigation); (7) a distributor of medical devices (SMRT LLC, lead attorney); and (8) the world\u2019s leading manufacturer of pulse oximetry products (Masimo Corporation, serving as antitrust adviser to its patent attorneys in bet-the-company patent and antitrust litigations).<\/p>\n<p>In recent years, Mr. Markham has also provided antitrust counseling to various global corporations and other major companies, including the following: the world\u2019s largest manufacturer of LED products (Nichia Corporation; strategic counseling in various matters as well as master contract negotiations with its largest customer); a global automobile manufacturer (Isuzu Motors, Ltd.; counseling about multinational acquisitions and divestitures); a leading manufacturer of pulse oximetry products in the United States (Masimo Corporation, antitrust adviser in strategic matters); and various other companies.<\/p>\n<p>On behalf of wronged consumers, Mr. Markham also pioneered an antitrust challenge to certain business practices employed by the world\u2019s largest retailer of replaceable contact lenses (1-800 Contacts, Inc.), discerning that by its bidding agreements with smaller rivals it had not only rigged bidding for online ads, but also allocated internet sales leads and advertising opportunities with its direct rivals. This challenge was successfully litigated and settled on behalf of wronged consumers in a consolidated class-action, in which Mr. Markham collaborated with several of the nation\u2019s leading antitrust firms. The total amount of the consumers&#8217; class recovery was $40 million.<\/p>\n<h2 id=%223%22>Our Extensive Trial Experience and Ability to Accept Large Cases<\/h2>\n<p>We have extensive experience <a href=%22https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/attorneys\/william-markham\/bills-trials\/%22>trying cases successfully<\/a> and believe that this proficiency distinguishes our firm from many others, since most antitrust cases settle before trial, and therefore many antitrust attorneys understandably lack experience trying their cases in court. Our <a href=%22https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/attorneys\/dorn-g-bishop\/%22>experience trying cases<\/a> makes a significant difference in our ability to litigate antitrust claims: we will not hesitate to try a worthy case to a jury, and our adversaries can usually grasp this point from the manner in which we <a href=%22https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/law-articles\/making-sense-of-the-rules-of-evidence\/%22>perform our work<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>We can capably litigate complex, large and sprawling antitrust cases even when opposed by large teams of experienced attorneys fielded by elite and very large law firms. We have done so on past occasion and can readily do so on short notice: our core group is usually sufficient for the core work in any case, no matter how large, and on short notice we can enlist further help from other attorneys, paralegals, expert consultants, and e-discovery providers with whom we have collaborated on past occasion and whose work we trust.<\/p>\n<h2 id=%224%22>Our Public Appearances in National Media<\/h2>\n<p><span style=%22line-height: 1.5em;%22>Mr. Markham has appeared in various national and regional media to discuss newsworthy antitrust matters, and he has been quoted in the following links by <\/span><a href=%22https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/id\/wbna48499718%22>NBC,<\/a> <a href=%22https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/business\/la-fi-tribune-freedom-20160318-story.html%22>The Los Angeles Times<\/a>, <a href=%22https:\/\/www.jacksonville.com\/article\/20120610\/NEWS\/801252067%22>The Florida Times-Union<\/a>, and <a href=%22https:\/\/www.law360.com\/articles\/699236\/libor-is-the-worst-antitrust-decision-on-the-books%22>Competition 360<\/a>, a leading antitrust newspaper. Mr. Markham also appeared twice on Bloomberg TV in order to offer commentary about Apple&#8217;s jury trial in a prominent antitrust case. In the first show, he analyzed the trial and what went wrong for the plaintiffs, <a href=%22http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/videos\/2014-12-16\/apple-not-guilty-in-ipod-suit-how-big-a-victory-is-it%22>speaking after Mr. Tim Higgins<\/a>. In the second show, he discussed the significance of the case for Apple, once again <a href=%22https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GuhPKKtwCUo%22>speaking after Mr. Higgins<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, Mr. Markham has given <a href=%22https:\/\/www.affordablecle.com\/faculty\/William-Markham%22>lectures<\/a> on antitrust law for other attorneys (MCLE classes) and <a href=%22https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/law-articles\/overview-of-antitrust-law\/%22>written extensively<\/a> about antitrust law. Mr. Markham occasionally posts comments and articles about antitrust matters in his <a href=%22https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/blog\/%22>blog.<\/a> Other attorneys consult his works when seeking guidance on antitrust issues.<\/p>\n<h2 id=%225%22>Our Recent Appellate Appearances Before the Ninth Circuit<\/h2>\n<p>Mr. Markham recently appeared before the Ninth Circuit in two different antitrust appeals of national importance. The Ninth Circuit recorded these hearings on videotape for public viewing. In the <a href=%22https:\/\/www.ca9.uscourts.gov\/media\/video\/?20210726\/20-55679\/%22>first hearing<\/a>, Mr. Markham brought an appeal on behalf of a healthcare staffing company, which alleged that its rival had restrained trade in the healthcare staffing industry by its use of interrelated contracts with its various business partners. In this appeal, the United States Department of Justice intervened in order to explain its view of the controlling law (it was the same as Mr. Markham&#8217;s view), and the opposing side was represented by the lead antitrust attorney for one of the world&#8217;s largest law firms. In the <a href=%22https:\/\/youtu.be\/SxZwF5YMJWA%22>second hearing<\/a>, Mr. Markham sought a reversal of the lower court&#8217;s dismissal of his client&#8217;s antitrust challenge. The Ninth Circuit largely agreed with Mr. Markham&#8217;s statement of the controlling antitrust law and subsequently granted his request, reversing the judgment below and remanding the case for further proceedings. The case thereafter settled under a confidential agreement.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;]<\/p>\n<ul class=\"lawicon\" style=\"float: left; margin-top: 20px;\">\n<li><a href=\"#1\">Overview of Our Antitrust Work<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#2\">Antitrust Claims That We Have Litigated or Analyzed for Our Clients<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#3\">We Try Cases and Conduct Appeals<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#4\">We Litigate Large Cases<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#5\">Our Past Competitor Suits<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#6\">Our Antitrust Class-Action<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#7\">Our Past Work in Criminal Antitrust Matters<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Antitrust Practice: Index&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; text_font=&#8221;Times New Roman||||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Times New Roman|800|||||||&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;Montserrat|900|||||||&#8221; header_2_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.2em&#8221; header_2_text_align_tablet=&#8221;center&#8221; header_2_text_align_phone=&#8221;&#8221; header_2_text_align_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;27px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; content__hover_enabled=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; content__hover=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><img class=%22wp-image-26421 shiftimg alignleft size-full%22 src=%22https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/wmarkham.png%22 alt=%22%22 width=%22306%22 height=%22458%22 \/><\/p>\n<h2>Our Antitrust Practice<\/h2>\n<ul class=%22lawicon%22 style=%22float: left; margin-top: 20px;%22>\n<li><a href=%22#1%22>Overview of Our Antitrust Work<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=%22#2%22>Our Recent Antitrust Cases and Matters<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=%22#3%22>Our Extensive Trial Experience and Ability to Accept Large Cases<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=%22#4%22>Our Public Appearances in National Media<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=%22#5%22>Our Recent Appellate Appearances in the Ninth Circuit<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=%22#6%22>Our Articles on Antitrust Law<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=%22#7%22>Mr. Markham Speaks on Bloomberg TV<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=%22#8%22>Videos of Mr. Markham&#8217;s Appearances Before the Ninth Circuit<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2> <\/h2>\n<h2> <\/h2>\n<h2> <\/h2>\n<h2> <\/h2>\n<h2> <\/h2>\n<h2> <\/h2>\n<h2> <\/h2>\n<h2> <\/h2>\n<h2 id=%221%22>Overview of Our Antitrust Work<\/h2>\n<p>Antitrust law<a name=%22Our Antitrust Work%22><\/a> is our principal area of expertise. The leader of our antitrust practice is <a title=%22William Markham%22 href=%22https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/attorneys\/william-markham\/%22 data-et-target-link=%22_blank%22 rel=%22noopener noreferrer%22>William Markham<\/a><a name=%22Our Antitrust Work%22><\/a>, who received his law degree from <a title=%22Harvard Law School%22 href=%22http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/%22 data-et-target-link=%22_blank%22 rel=%22noopener noreferrer%22>Harvard Law School<\/a><a id=%22Our Antitrust Work%22 name=%22Our Antitrust Work%22><\/a> and his formative training as an antitrust litigator in a leading global firm. We litigate antitrust claims and conduct antitrust appeals under the laws of the United States and California for both plaintiffs and defendants in civil and criminal antitrust proceedings. We also provide strategic and ongoing antitrust counseling to world-leading businesses, their challengers, other substantial companies, small businesses, and other market participants. We principally represent and advise competitors, commercial customers, and suppliers in matters that concern federal and California antitrust law, and we have extensive experience litigating competitor lawsuits that arise under federal antitrust law. On occasion, we also represent wronged consumers in significant matters. More generally, we have extensive experience litigating and giving advice about matters that concern the following provisions of federal and California antitrust law:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=%22list-style-type: none;%22>\n<ul class=%22lawicon%22>\n<li><strong>Section 1 of the Sherman Act<\/strong> (unlawful restraints of trade) <strong>and California\u2019s Cartwright Act<\/strong> (trade restraints that affect California commerce), including the application of these laws to covenants not to compete, non-solicitation agreements, and other kinds of restrictive contractual covenants.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Section 2 of the Sherman Act<\/strong><br \/>(the monopolization offenses).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Section 3 of the Clayton Act<\/strong><br \/>(exclusive-dealing and tying arrangements).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Section 7 of the Clayton Act<\/strong><br \/>(anticompetitive mergers and acquisitions).<\/li>\n<li><strong>The Robinson-Patman Act<\/strong> (price discrimination) <strong>and California\u2019s Unfair Practices Act<\/strong> (price discrimination that affects California commerce).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Antitrust Violations Arising from the Misuse of Intellectual Property<\/strong>: A business can misuse its intellectual property or improperly invoke intellectual property rights in ways that can violate federal and state antitrust laws. Antitrust claims can arise from a firm&#8217;s misuse of legal rights conferred by patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade dress or trade secrets, but only when the misuse permits the firm to restrain or monopolize trade unlawfully.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>We perform our antitrust work at the highest level of proficiency, have received public recognition, are widely regarded as experts on antitrust matters, and have obtained superb outcomes for our clients, helping them to avoid antitrust liability and obtain appropriate redress for anticompetitive abuses. For a listing of the specific kinds of antitrust matters that we have handled, click <a href=%22https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/our-antitrust-experience-and-expertise\/%22>here<\/a>. For a listing of the different industries in which we have advised and represented clients on antitrust matters, click <a href=%22https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/industries-served\/%22>here<\/a>. For a partial list of some of our notable successes, click <a href=%22https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/antitrust-litigation\/antitrust-matters\/%22 data-et-target-link=%22_blank%22 rel=%22noopener noreferrer%22>here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=%222%22>Our Recent Antitrust Cases and Matters<\/h2>\n<p>In recent years, Mr. Markham has served as lead attorney for the following companies in significant antitrust cases: (1) a substantial maritime shipper in Southern California (Curtin Maritime, lead appellate attorney); (2) a national provider of travel nurses (Aya Healthcare, Inc. and Aya Healthcare Services, Inc., lead attorney during trial and appellate proceedings); (3) a consortium of private-equity lenders (lead attorney); (4) a publicly-held retailer of hardware supplies that operated ninety stores (Orchard Supply Hardware LLC, lead attorney); (5) the largest privately-owned manufacturer of precast concrete products in North America (Jensen Precast, Inc., lead attorney during trial and appellate proceedings); (6) a national polypropylene manufacturer (lead attorney in criminal investigation); (7) a distributor of medical devices (SMRT LLC, lead attorney); and (8) the world\u2019s leading manufacturer of pulse oximetry products (Masimo Corporation, serving as antitrust adviser to its patent attorneys in bet-the-company patent and antitrust litigations).<\/p>\n<p>In recent years, Mr. Markham has also provided antitrust counseling to various global corporations and other major companies, including the following: the world\u2019s largest manufacturer of LED products (Nichia Corporation; strategic counseling in various matters as well as master contract negotiations with its largest customer); a global automobile manufacturer (Isuzu Motors, Ltd.; counseling about multinational acquisitions and divestitures); a leading manufacturer of pulse oximetry products in the United States (Masimo Corporation, antitrust adviser in strategic matters); and various other companies.<\/p>\n<p>On behalf of wronged consumers, Mr. Markham also pioneered an antitrust challenge to certain business practices employed by the world\u2019s largest retailer of replaceable contact lenses (1-800 Contacts, Inc.), discerning that by its bidding agreements with smaller rivals it had not only rigged bidding for online ads, but also allocated internet sales leads and advertising opportunities with its direct rivals. This challenge was successfully litigated and settled on behalf of wronged consumers in a consolidated class-action, in which Mr. Markham collaborated with several of the nation\u2019s leading antitrust firms. The total amount of the consumers&#8217; class recovery was $40 million.<\/p>\n<h2 id=%223%22>Our Extensive Trial Experience and Ability to Accept Large Cases<\/h2>\n<p>We have extensive experience <a href=%22https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/attorneys\/william-markham\/bills-trials\/%22>trying cases successfully<\/a> and believe that this proficiency distinguishes our firm from many others, since most antitrust cases settle before trial, and therefore many antitrust attorneys understandably lack experience trying their cases in court. Our <a href=%22https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/attorneys\/dorn-g-bishop\/%22>experience trying cases<\/a> makes a significant difference in our ability to litigate antitrust claims: we will not hesitate to try a worthy case to a jury, and our adversaries can usually grasp this point from the manner in which we <a href=%22https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/law-articles\/making-sense-of-the-rules-of-evidence\/%22>perform our work<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>We can capably litigate complex, large and sprawling antitrust cases even when opposed by large teams of experienced attorneys fielded by elite and very large law firms. We have done so on past occasion and can readily do so on short notice: our core group is usually sufficient for the core work in any case, no matter how large, and on short notice we can enlist further help from other attorneys, paralegals, expert consultants, and e-discovery providers with whom we have collaborated on past occasion and whose work we trust.<\/p>\n<h2 id=%224%22>Our Public Appearances in National Media<\/h2>\n<p><span style=%22line-height: 1.5em;%22>Mr. Markham has appeared in various national and regional media to discuss newsworthy antitrust matters, and he has been quoted in the following links by <\/span><a href=%22https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/id\/wbna48499718%22>NBC,<\/a> <a href=%22https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/business\/la-fi-tribune-freedom-20160318-story.html%22>The Los Angeles Times<\/a>, <a href=%22https:\/\/www.jacksonville.com\/article\/20120610\/NEWS\/801252067%22>The Florida Times-Union<\/a>, and <a href=%22https:\/\/www.law360.com\/articles\/699236\/libor-is-the-worst-antitrust-decision-on-the-books%22>Competition 360<\/a>, a leading antitrust newspaper. Mr. Markham also appeared twice on Bloomberg TV in order to offer commentary about Apple&#8217;s jury trial in a prominent antitrust case. In the first show, he analyzed the trial and what went wrong for the plaintiffs, <a href=%22http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/videos\/2014-12-16\/apple-not-guilty-in-ipod-suit-how-big-a-victory-is-it%22>speaking after Mr. Tim Higgins<\/a>. In the second show, he discussed the significance of the case for Apple, once again <a href=%22https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GuhPKKtwCUo%22>speaking after Mr. Higgins<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, Mr. Markham has given <a href=%22https:\/\/www.affordablecle.com\/faculty\/William-Markham%22>lectures<\/a> on antitrust law for other attorneys (MCLE classes) and <a href=%22https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/law-articles\/overview-of-antitrust-law\/%22>written extensively<\/a> about antitrust law. Mr. Markham occasionally posts comments and articles about antitrust matters in his <a href=%22https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/blog\/%22>blog.<\/a> Other attorneys consult his works when seeking guidance on antitrust issues.<\/p>\n<h2 id=%225%22>Our Recent Appellate Appearances Before the Ninth Circuit<\/h2>\n<p>Mr. Markham recently appeared before the Ninth Circuit in two different antitrust appeals of national importance. The Ninth Circuit recorded these hearings on videotape for public viewing. In the <a href=%22https:\/\/www.ca9.uscourts.gov\/media\/video\/?20210726\/20-55679\/%22>first hearing<\/a>, Mr. Markham brought an appeal on behalf of a healthcare staffing company, which alleged that its rival had restrained trade in the healthcare staffing industry by its use of interrelated contracts with its various business partners. In this appeal, the United States Department of Justice intervened in order to explain its view of the controlling law (it was the same as Mr. Markham&#8217;s view), and the opposing side was represented by the lead antitrust attorney for one of the world&#8217;s largest law firms. In the <a href=%22https:\/\/youtu.be\/SxZwF5YMJWA%22>second hearing<\/a>, Mr. Markham sought a reversal of the lower court&#8217;s dismissal of his client&#8217;s antitrust challenge. The Ninth Circuit largely agreed with Mr. Markham&#8217;s statement of the controlling antitrust law and subsequently granted his request, reversing the judgment below and remanding the case for further proceedings. The case thereafter settled under a confidential agreement.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;]<\/p>\n<ul class=\"lawicon\" style=\"float: left; margin-top: 20px;\">\n<li><a href=\"#8\">Our Antitrust Counseling<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#9\">Our Recent Antitrust Appeals<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#10\">Mr. Markham&#8217;s Recent Appearances in the Ninth Circuit (Videotaped)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#11\">Mr. Markham&#8217;s Public Appearances in National Media<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#12\">Mr. Markham Provides Antitrust Commentary on Bloomberg TV<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#13\">Mr. Markham&#8217;s Articles on Antitrust Law<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; specialty=&#8221;on&#8221; padding_top_1=&#8221;0px&#8221; padding_top_2=&#8221;0px&#8221; padding_bottom_1=&#8221;0px&#8221; padding_bottom_2=&#8221;0px&#8221; padding_top_bottom_link_1=&#8221;false&#8221; padding_top_bottom_link_2=&#8221;false&#8221; padding_left_right_link_1=&#8221;false&#8221; padding_left_right_link_2=&#8221;false&#8221; module_class_1=&#8221;sidebar-col&#8221; module_class_2=&#8221;sidebar-content-col&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Dynamic TOC Sidebar + Main Text Part 2&#8243; module_class=&#8221;content-sidebar-sec&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;60px||60px||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_code admin_label=&#8221;Dynamic TOC Sidebar&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"sidebar-wrap\"><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; specialty_columns=&#8221;3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Main Text&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.2em&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;|700||on|||||&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_3_font_size=&#8221;30px&#8221; header_2_text_align_tablet=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_align_phone=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_align_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;27px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; text_orientation_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_orientation_phone=&#8221;&#8221; text_orientation_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"1\"><strong>Overview of Our Antitrust Work<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/law-articles\/overview-of-antitrust-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Antitrust law<\/a> is our principal area of expertise. The leader of our antitrust practice is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/our-team\/markham-antitrust-lawyer\/\">William Markham<\/a>, who received his law degree from <a href=\"https:\/\/hls.harvard.edu\/\">Harvard Law School<\/a> and his formative training as an antitrust litigator in a leading global firm (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coudert_Brothers\">Coudert Brothers<\/a>, now dissolved).<\/p>\n<p>We litigate antitrust claims and conduct antitrust <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/practice-areas\/appellate-litigation\/\">appeals<\/a> under the laws of the United States and California for both plaintiffs and defendants in civil and criminal antitrust proceedings. We also provide strategic and ongoing antitrust counseling to world-leading businesses, industry challengers, disruptive innovators, emerging rivals, suppliers, commercial customers, large companies, small businesses, investors, and other market participants.<\/p>\n<p>We perform our antitrust work at the highest level of proficiency, have received public recognition, are widely regarded as experts on antitrust matters, and have obtained superb outcomes for our clients, helping them to avoid antitrust liability and obtain appropriate redress for anticompetitive abuses. We principally represent and advise competitors, commercial customers, and suppliers in matters that concern federal and California antitrust law, and we have extensive experience litigating competitor lawsuits that arise under federal antitrust law. On occasion, we also represent wronged consumers in significant matters.<\/p>\n<p>For a listing of the specific kinds of antitrust matters that we have handled, click <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/our-antitrust-experience-and-expertise\/\">here<\/a>. For a listing of the different industries in which we have advised and represented clients on antitrust matters, click <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/industries-served\/\">here<\/a>. For a list of our notable successes, click <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/antitrust-matters\/\">here<\/a>. To see Mr. Markham&#8217;s articles on antitrust law, click <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/law-articles\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>If you scroll down, or use the index above, you can learn much more about our antitrust practice on this page.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Antitrust Claims That We Have Litigated or Analyzed for Our Clients&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.2em&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;|700||on|||||&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_3_font_size=&#8221;30px&#8221; header_2_text_align_tablet=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_align_phone=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_align_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;27px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; text_orientation_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_orientation_phone=&#8221;&#8221; text_orientation_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"2\"><strong>Antitrust Claims That We Have Litigated or Analyzed for Our Clients<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The below-listed federal and state antitrust laws constitute the subject-matter of most of our firm&#8217;s work. We litigate claims that arise under these laws, advise our clients about their meaning and reach, and help our clients to negotiate and prepare contracts that take them appropriately into account.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Unlawful Restraint of Trade&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/unlawful-restraint-of-trade-2\/&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Blurb: Unlawful Restraints of Trade&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.0&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|800|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#0C71C3&#8243; header_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; body_line_height=&#8221;1.3em&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/unlawful-restraint-of-trade-2\/&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Litigating and advising our clients about restraints of trade has been the bread and butter of our practice. The term &#8220;restraint of trade&#8221; was developed at common law in England and refers to <em>conspiracies in restraint of trade<\/em> and <em>contracts in restraint of trade<\/em>.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/unlawful-restraint-of-trade-2\/\"><br \/>Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221; Unlawful Restraint of Trade under California\u2019s Cartwright Act&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/restraint-of-trade-under-californias-cartwright-act\/&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Blurb: Unlawful Restraints of Trade under the Cartwright Act&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|800|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#0C71C3&#8243; header_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; body_line_height=&#8221;1.3em&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/restraint-of-trade-under-californias-cartwright-act\/&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>We have substantial experience litigating and advising clients about claims made under California\u2019s Cartwright Act, which is California\u2019s principal competition law. It is codified at Cal. Bus. &amp; Prof. Code \u00a7 16700 <em>et seq<\/em>. and prohibits any unlawful restraint of trade that substantially affects California commerce.<\/p>\n<p>Historically, California case law on restraint of trade followed the federal law developed under Section 1 of the Sherman Act, but a gap between the two bodies of law has emerged and will likely become more conspicuous. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/restraint-of-trade-under-californias-cartwright-act\/\"><br \/>Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;The Monopolization Offenses&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/the-monopolization-offenses&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Blurb: The Monopolization Offenses&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|800|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#0C71C3&#8243; header_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; body_line_height=&#8221;1.3em&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/the-monopolization-offenses&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>We have extensive experience litigating and advising clients about claims that arise under Section 2 of the Sherman Act, which is codified at 15 U.S.C. \u00a7 2. Section 2 forbids monopolization, attempted monopolization, and conspiracy to monopolize. Broadly speaking, a defendant commits the offense of monopolization when it uses anticompetitive practices either to acquire or preserve a monopoly position in a properly defined relevant market. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/the-monopolization-offenses\"><br \/>Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column_inner][et_pb_column_inner type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Exclusive Dealing and Tying Arrangements Used in the Sale or Lease of Commodities&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/unlawful-exclusive-dealing-or-tying-under-section-3-of-the-clayton-act&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Blurb: Exclusive Dealing and Tying Arrangements Used in the Sale or Lease of Commodities&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|800|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#0C71C3&#8243; header_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; body_line_height=&#8221;1.3em&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/unlawful-exclusive-dealing-or-tying-under-section-3-of-the-clayton-act&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>We have extensive experience litigating and advising clients about claims made under Section 3 of the Clayton Act, which is codified at 15 U.S.C. \u00a7 14, and which forbids certain kinds of exclusive-dealing and tying arrangements: namely, those that meet the following two criteria: (1) the arrangement is used in a contract or transaction for the sale or lease of a commodity in interstate commerce; and (2) the arrangement substantially lessens competition in a properly defined relevant market&#8230;.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/unlawful-exclusive-dealing-or-tying-under-section-3-of-the-clayton-act\"><br \/>Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Unlawful Price Discrimination and Predatory Pricing in California Commerce&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/californias-underused-unfair-practices-act&#8221; title_tablet=&#8221;Unlawful Price Discrimination and Predatory Pricing in California Commerce&#8221; title_phone=&#8221;Unlawful Price Discrimination and Predatory Pricing in California Commerce&#8221; title_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Blurb:  Unlawful Price Discrimination and Predatory Pricing in California Commerce&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|800|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#0C71C3&#8243; header_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; body_line_height=&#8221;1.3em&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/californias-underused-unfair-practices-act&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>We have substantial experience advising clients about claims that arise under California\u2019s Unfair Practices Act, which is codified at Cal. Bus. &amp; Prof. Code \u00a7 17000 <em>et seq<\/em>. The California courts have not yet given a definitive clarification of the full meaning and reach of this law, which is cast in the language of classical antitrust, enumerates forbidden practices, and is openly directed against monopolists, would-be monopolists, and mere sharp competitors&#8230;.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/californias-underused-unfair-practices-act\"><br \/>Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Anticompetitive Mergers and Acquisitions&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/anticompetitive-mergers-and-acquisitions\/&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Blurb: Anticompetitive Mergers and Acquisitions&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|800|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#0C71C3&#8243; header_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; body_line_height=&#8221;1.3em&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/anticompetitive-mergers-and-acquisitions\/&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Section 7 of the Clayton Act (\u201cSection 7\u201d), which is codified at 15 U.S.C. \u00a7 18, forbids any merger or acquisition that is likely to lessen competition substantially in a properly defined relevant market. Actions under Section 7 are usually brought by federal authorities charged with public enforcement of federal antitrust law&#8230;.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/anticompetitive-mergers-and-acquisitions\/\"><br \/>Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Main Text, Part II&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.25.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.2em&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;|700||on|||||&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_3_font_size=&#8221;30px&#8221; header_2_text_align_tablet=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_align_phone=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_align_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;27px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; text_orientation_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_orientation_phone=&#8221;&#8221; text_orientation_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"3\"><strong>We Try Cases and Conduct Appeals<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>We never appear in a civil action unless we are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/law-articles\/making-sense-of-the-rules-of-evidence\/\">prepared to try it<\/a> and conduct all necessary or appropriate <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/practice-areas\/30914-2\/\">appellate litigation<\/a>. Our litigations are conducted by two highly experienced, first-rate trial and appellate lawyers &#8212; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/attorneys\/markham-antitrust-lawyer\/\">William Markham<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/attorneys\/dorn-g-bishop\/\">Dorn Bishop<\/a>. They are supported by our core <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/attorneys\/\">team<\/a>. In larger cases, we can assemble a larger team by calling upon colleagues who are well-known to us, and whose work-product is superb.<\/p>\n<p>Mr. Markham tried many small commercial and civil matters early in his career, and he later tried substantial commercial and common-law claims in state and federal court. From this hands-on experience, he learned the fundamentals of trial procedure and the rules of evidence in a way that they cannot be learned without conducting at least several trials. To learn more about Mr. Markham&#8217;s experience trying cases, click <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/our-team\/markham-antitrust-lawyer\/bills-trials\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Mr. Bishop previously served as a federal prosecutor and in this capacity conducted more than twenty jury trials in criminal cases, winning all of them.<\/p>\n<p>From our past trial experience, we learned years ago to treat every case as one that might go to trial and must therefore be litigated on this assumption from the outset. That method, we believe, is by far the best way to organize the litigation of <em>any<\/em> case.<\/p>\n<p>From the start, each side&#8217;s lead attorney should wish to know what are the elements of each claim or defense that he means to prove, and what admissible evidence will he need to prove each of these elements and disprove the elements that the other side must prove. He should also begin at an early date to practice his closing argument to the judge or jury. That is because a closing argument must be limited to points supported by evidence admitted during trial. A trial attorney should therefore wish to know what will he be able to say about his client&#8217;s claims or defenses at the end of a trial of his present case.<\/p>\n<p>Those concerns should inform every initiative that a litigant takes. From the earliest date possible, a litigant&#8217;s attorneys should make a determined effort to secure admissible evidence that proves each element of each claim that their client asserts. More than that, they must use this evidence to prove a compelling &#8220;case theme&#8221; or &#8220;theory of the case.&#8221; For us, that is the art of trying a case successfully.<\/p>\n<p>We believe that our trial skills greatly improve our ability to organize and present complicated antitrust cases, even though most of them are either dismissed or settled before trial. We will not hesitate to try a worthy case to a jury, and our adversaries can usually discern our ability to do so from the manner in which we <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/our-work\/\">perform our work<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"4\"><strong>We Litigate Large Cases<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>We can capably litigate complex, large, and sprawling antitrust cases even when opposed by large teams of experienced attorneys fielded by elite and very large law firms. We have done so on past occasion and can readily do so on short notice: our core group can develop an underlying strategy and develop or oppose claims in any case, no matter how large, and on short notice we can enlist further help from other attorneys, paralegals, expert consultants, and e-discovery providers with whom we have collaborated on past occasion, and whose work we trust.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"5\"><strong>Our Past Competitor Suits<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>In recent years, Mr. Markham has served as lead attorney for the following companies in significant competitor suits: (1) a substantial <a href=\"https:\/\/curtinmaritime.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">maritime shipper<\/a> in Southern California (lead appellate attorney in case that led to a partial reversal of the trial court&#8217;s judgment, followed by a confidential settlement); (2) a national <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ayahealthcare.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">provider of travel nurses<\/a> (lead attorney in original proceedings and on appeal in a closely followed case that had national significance and resulted in two published decisions); (3) a consortium of private-equity lenders (lead attorney in case that resulted in a confidential settlement); (4) a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orchard_Supply_Hardware\">publicly-held retailer of hardware supplies<\/a> that operated ninety stores (lead attorney in case that resulted in a published decision and confidential settlement); (5) the largest privately-owned <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jensenprecast.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">manufacturer<\/a> of precast concrete products in North America (lead attorney in original proceedings and on appeal in case in which the lead defendant curtailed the specific practice that occasioned the lawsuit shortly after it was filed); (6) a distributor of medical devices (lead attorney in case that resulted in a confidential settlement); (7) a global <a href=\"https:\/\/www.masimo.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">manufacturer<\/a> of pulse oximetry products (serving as antitrust adviser to its patent attorneys in bet-the-company patent and antitrust litigations against a global conglomerate that resulted in a confidential settlement); and (8) serving as antitrust advisor to the same company and its patent attorneys in case in which it sued a foreign manufacturer for patent infringement and then was sued by it for antitrust counterclaims; the case proceeded to the eve of trial and was then settled under a confidential agreement).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"6\"><strong>Our Antitrust Class-Action<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>On behalf of wronged consumers, Mr. Markham prepared the first private class action that challenged the litigation tactics and collusive settlement agreements that the world\u2019s largest <a href=\"https:\/\/www.1800contacts.com\/?ef_id=CjwKCAjwiOCgBhAgEiwAjv5whB0s2jbX8lsKvv0NdDitncSMUEWFDW1unWEFAP2VpzXba4A6skm2dxoCPmMQAvD_BwE:G:s&amp;s_kwcid=AL!4587!3!636828326872!e!!g!!1%20800%20contacts&amp;adlid=kwd-28294841x143812347836x19014710119&amp;ac=PS.Google.Brand.e.c.Google_USCA_Search_Brand_Exact_Desktop_Geo_California.1%20800%20contacts&amp;gclid=CjwKCAjwiOCgBhAgEiwAjv5whB0s2jbX8lsKvv0NdDitncSMUEWFDW1unWEFAP2VpzXba4A6skm2dxoCPmMQAvD_BwE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">retailer<\/a> of replaceable contact lenses made with a large number of rival sellers. According to this challenge, the rival sellers&#8217; performance of the settlement agreements constituted bid-rigging for online ads and horizontal allocation of internet sales leads and advertising opportunities. Mr. Markham&#8217;s case was eventually consolidated with several other class-actions made along similar lines. In the consolidated cases, Mr. Markham collaborated with several leading antitrust attorneys and their law firms. These cases were successfully litigated and eventually settled under a series of agreements that were reviewed and authorized by the presiding court. The total amount of these settlements was $40 million.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"7\"><strong>Our Past Work in Criminal Antitrust<br \/>Matters<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Mr. Markham obtained a complete exoneration for a manufacturer of polypropylene products that was initially deemed a &#8220;target&#8221; of a criminal antitrust investigation of alleged price-fixing among manufacturers of polypropylene products. The investigation was led by the Antitrust Division of the US Department of Justice as well as various US Attorney&#8217;s Offices.<\/p>\n<p>Mr. Markham also negotiated an antitrust amnesty agreement for a shipping company, which thereby averted all liability in a market-allocation case that entailed onerous criminal penalties and enormous civil liability for the remaining companies.<\/p>\n<p>He also represented an individual defendant who was investigated by federal authorities for his role in alleged criminal bid-rigging at foreclosure auctions in Northern California.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"8\"><strong>Our Antitrust Counseling<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Mr. Markham has also provided antitrust counseling to various global corporations and other major companies, including the following: the world\u2019s largest <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nichia.co.jp\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">manufacturer<\/a> of LED products (strategic counseling in various matters, as well as master contract negotiations with its largest customer); a global <a href=\"https:\/\/www.isuzu.co.jp\/world\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">automobile manufacturer<\/a> (counseling about multinational acquisitions and divestitures); a leading <a href=\"https:\/\/www.masimo.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">manufacturer<\/a> of pulse oximetry products in the United States (antitrust adviser in strategic matters); a large, successful <a href=\"https:\/\/w8shipping.com\/about-us\/?gclid=CjwKCAjwiOCgBhAgEiwAjv5whFBYvoiEfYY-9BJ26pp8V7XS6y-vKzPlpl2Ux0ZbkZAM_-OoSWKzQBoCYfQQAvD_BwE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">exporter\/shipper<\/a> of used and salvaged vehicles and its shipping company; and American <a href=\"https:\/\/www.appliedmedical.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">manufacturer<\/a> of advanced medical devices.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"9\"><strong>Our Recent Antitrust Appeals\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>In the recent past, we served as lead attorneys in two antirust appeals that we filed in the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (the &#8220;Ninth Circuit&#8221;). In the first appeal, we obtained a partial reversal of the judgment given below. In the second, we raised an antitrust challenge of first impression that had national significance. Indeed, the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice (the &#8220;Division&#8221;) intervened in the appeal to express its understanding of the controlling law, which exactly agreed with our own statement.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#10\">Below<\/a> you can read a short description of each antitrust appeal, our appellate briefs, and the appellate decisions that decided each appeal. You can also see the Ninth Circuit&#8217;s videotaped hearings, at which Mr. Markham argued for the appellants.\u00a0You might also wish to read our take on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/oral-argument-an-appellate-panels-question-and-answer-session\/\">appellate hearings<\/a> (&#8220;oral arguments&#8221;) and a short summary of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/practice-areas\/appellate-litigation\/past-appellate-engagements\/\">past appeals<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Title for VideoTape of Curtin Maritime&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Times New Roman||||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Times New Roman||||||||&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;Times New Roman||||||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"10\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Curtin Maritime Corp. v. Santa Catalina Island Co.<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_video src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SxZwF5YMJWA&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;9th Circuit video &#8212; Curtin&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.1&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Explanation of Curtin Maritime and Opening Brief&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|900|||||||&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;48px&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|700||on|||||&#8221; header_2_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.2em&#8221; text_line_height_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_line_height_phone=&#8221;&#8221; text_line_height_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;27px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_2_text_align_tablet=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_align_phone=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_align_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;27px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Curtin Maritime Corp. v. Santa Catalina Island Co. <\/strong><\/em>In the first appeal, <em>Curtin Maritime Corp. v. Santa Catalina Island Co.<\/em> (9th Cir., Case No. 18-55338), we obtained an appellate reversal that revived our client&#8217;s most important antitrust claim, which had been dismissed on the pleadings by a federal district court in Los Angeles.<\/p>\n<p>This case turned on the meaning, purpose, and proper application of the doctrine of &#8220;antitrust injury,&#8221; which is a limiting doctrine meant to prevent opportunistic plaintiffs from reaping antitrust damages (treble damages) from conduct that is incidental to an antitrust violation, but not itself anticompetitive or the intended consequence of anticompetitive conduct.<\/p>\n<p>The Ninth Circuit appellate panel largely agreed with our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Appellants-Opening-Brief.pdf\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31200\">explanation<\/a> of the doctrine and analysis of the case, as becomes clear during the hearing itself. But it also expressed its concern that it was constrained by one of its own prior decisions. In the end, it <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Decision-on-Appeal.Memorandum.10.7.19.without-highlights.pdf\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31305\">reversed<\/a> the district court&#8217;s dismissal of one of our client&#8217;s claims, but not all three.<\/p>\n<p>That outcome was a thrilling reversal of fortune for our client, whose entire case had been tossed. The Ninth Circuit thereafter remanded the case to the district court, where the parties settled their dispute under a confidential agreement.<\/p>\n<p>In <em>Curtin Maritime<\/em>, we were opposed by the antitrust group of one of California&#8217;s largest, most prominent firms (O&#8217;Melveny &amp; Myers), as well as a leading maritime lawyer in Southern California.<\/p>\n<p>We inherited this case from the legendary Max Blecher, a gifted trial lawyer and principled, forceful advocate of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/law-articles\/how-the-consumer-welfare-standard-transformed-classical-antitrust-law\/\">classical antitrust principles<\/a>, who mostly litigated antitrust claims, including several that became landmark cases in the antitrust canon. During the original proceedings below, he represented the plaintiff, Curtin Maritime, but passed away at age 84 shortly after the district court dismissed the case on the pleadings. Curtin then hired us to conduct the appeal.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][et_pb_column_inner type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Title for Aya Video&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Times New Roman||||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Times New Roman||||||||&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;Times New Roman||||||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Aya Healthcare Serv., Inc. v. AMN Healthcare, Inc.<br \/><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_video src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TVsgsY8PF-U&#038;feature=emb_imp_woyt&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;9th Circuit Video &#8212; Aya Healthcare&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.1&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Explanation and Opening Brief in Aya Healthcare  &#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|900|||||||&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;48px&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|700||on|||||&#8221; header_2_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.2em&#8221; text_line_height_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_line_height_phone=&#8221;&#8221; text_line_height_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;27px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_2_text_align_tablet=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_align_phone=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_align_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;27px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Aya Healthcare Services, Inc. v. AMN Healthcare, Inc. <\/em><\/strong>In the second appeal, <em>Aya Healthcare Services, Inc. v. AMN Healthcare, Inc. <\/em>(9th Cir., Case No. 20-55679), we represented the plaintiffs at all stages of the litigation, including the appeal, by which we sought a reversal of the outcome below &#8212; a grant of summary judgment against our clients&#8217; claims.<\/p>\n<p>Our clients were a prominent, successful healthcare staffing company and its affiliate. On their behalf, we alleged that the largest healthcare staffing company in the country, along with its corporate affiliates, had restrained trade in regional labor and service markets across the country by obliging their employees, subcontractors, and customers to accept contracts that included highly restrictive covenants. Our antitrust challenge was that (1) these covenants reinforced one another and cumulatively imposed unreasonable restraints of trade in the affected markets; and (2) one of the covenants operated in practice as a naked no-poaching restraint that should be condemned as unlawful <em>per se. <\/em><\/p>\n<p>A federal district court in San Diego declined to dismiss the case on the pleadings and partly denied the defendants&#8217;\u00a0 motion for summary judgment, but it nonetheless granted summary judgment <em>sua sponte<\/em> on a ground not argued by the defendants. We appealed from this judgment to the Ninth Circuit.<\/p>\n<p>Our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Ayas-Opening-Brief.Redacted.pdf\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31210\">appeal<\/a> attracted national attention and raised issues of first impression concerning employers&#8217; use of no-poaching restraints. The Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice (the &#8220;Division&#8221;) intervened to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Statement-of-Interest.DOJ_.11.19.20-1.pdf\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31308\">explain<\/a>\u00a0its understanding of the controlling law, which was identical to our statement of the matter in our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Opposition-Memorandum.pdf\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31302\">submissions<\/a> to the federal district court and then the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Reply-Brief.final_.redacted_Redacted.pdf\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31261\">9th Circuit<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In a published <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Opinion-Affirming-Summary-Judgment.8.19.21-1.pdf\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31263\">decision<\/a>, the Ninth Circuit denied our appeal after drawing a careful distinction between this case and an analogous case that the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals decided in the plaintiffs&#8217; favor. Mr. Markham respectfully disagrees with this decision.<\/p>\n<p>The lead attorney for the opposing side was a Washington-based attorney who is a co-chairman of the U.S. antitrust practice of very large global firm (DLA Piper).<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Mr. Markham&#8217;s Appearances in Public Media&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|900|||||||&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;48px&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|700||on|||||&#8221; header_2_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.2em&#8221; text_line_height_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_line_height_phone=&#8221;&#8221; text_line_height_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;27px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_2_text_align_tablet=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_align_phone=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_align_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;27px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"11\"><strong>Mr. Markham\u2019s Public Appearances in National Media<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">Mr. Markham has appeared in various national and regional media to discuss newsworthy antitrust matters. He has been quoted by <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/id\/wbna48499718\">NBC,<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/business\/la-fi-tribune-freedom-20160318-story.html\">The Los Angeles Times<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonville.com\/article\/20120610\/NEWS\/801252067\">The Florida Times-Union<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.law360.com\/articles\/699236\/libor-is-the-worst-antitrust-decision-on-the-books\">Competition 360<\/a>, a leading antitrust newspaper. Mr. Markham also appeared twice on Bloomberg TV in order to offer commentary about Apple&#8217;s jury trial in a prominent antitrust case. In the first show, he analyzed the trial and what went wrong for the plaintiffs, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/videos\/2014-12-16\/apple-not-guilty-in-ipod-suit-how-big-a-victory-is-it\">speaking after Mr. Tim Higgins<\/a>. In the second show, he discussed the significance of the case for Apple, once again <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GuhPKKtwCUo\">speaking after Mr. Higgins<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, Mr. Markham has given <a href=\"https:\/\/www.affordablecle.com\/faculty\/William-Markham\">lectures<\/a> on antitrust law for other attorneys (MCLE classes) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/law-articles\/overview-of-antitrust-law\/\">written extensively<\/a> about antitrust law. He also posts occasional comments and articles about antitrust matters in his <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/blog\/\">blog,<\/a> and other attorneys consult his works or our firm when seeking guidance on antitrust issues.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Title for Bloomberg Videos&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|900|||||||&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;48px&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|700||on|||||&#8221; header_2_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.2em&#8221; text_line_height_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_line_height_phone=&#8221;&#8221; text_line_height_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;27px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_2_text_align_tablet=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_align_phone=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_align_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;27px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"12\"><strong>Mr. Markham Provides Antitrust Commentary on Bloomberg TV<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_video src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GuhPKKtwCUo&#038;ab_channel=BloombergQuicktake&#8221; thumbnail_overlay_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.6)&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Blmbg Video No. 1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.0&#8243; max_height=&#8221;250px&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;||20px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;||20px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_video][\/et_pb_column_inner][et_pb_column_inner type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code admin_label=&#8221;Bloomberg Video No. 2&#8243; module_class=&#8221;blooming-video&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.0&#8243; custom_css_free_form=&#8221;selector .fluid-width-video-wrapper{||  padding-top: 56.2963% !important;||}&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<iframe data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/multimedia\/api\/embed\/iframe?id=f5b66a8b-556d-485a-b80e-e6aa3a703589\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\" width=\"100%\" height=\"225px\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" data-load-mode=\"1\"><\/iframe>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Antitrust Litigation and Counseling Overview of Our Antitrust Work Antitrust Claims That We Have Litigated or Analyzed for Our Clients We Try Cases and Conduct Appeals We Litigate Large Cases Our Past Competitor Suits Our Antitrust Class-Action Our Past Work in Criminal Antitrust Matters Our Antitrust Counseling Our Recent Antitrust Appeals Mr. Markham&#8217;s Recent Appearances [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":26525,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-26545","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.8 (Yoast SEO v24.8.1) - 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