{"id":31105,"date":"2023-03-07T11:56:26","date_gmt":"2023-03-07T11:56:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/?page_id=31105"},"modified":"2025-03-29T02:28:06","modified_gmt":"2025-03-29T09:28:06","slug":"oral-argument-an-appellate-panels-question-and-answer-session","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/practice-areas\/appellate-litigation\/oral-argument-an-appellate-panels-question-and-answer-session\/","title":{"rendered":"Oral Argument Before an Appellate Panel"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Inner Top Banner and Title Section&#8221; module_class=&#8221;inner-banner-sec&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.0&#8243; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.markhamlawfirm.com\/mystaging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/court-header-2.jpg&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;120px||20px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;80px||20px||false|false&#8221; 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header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.25em&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;27px&#8221; header_3_line_height=&#8221;1.2em&#8221; max_width=&#8221;700px&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;20px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; header_text_align_tablet=&#8221;left&#8221; header_text_align_phone=&#8221;left&#8221; header_text_align_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;30px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_line_height_tablet=&#8221;1.3em&#8221; header_line_height_phone=&#8221;1.3em&#8221; header_line_height_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_2_text_align_tablet=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_align_phone=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_align_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;32px&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;24px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; header_3_font_size_tablet=&#8221;27px&#8221; header_3_font_size_phone=&#8221;21px&#8221; header_3_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; text_orientation_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_orientation_phone=&#8221;&#8221; text_orientation_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset1&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;2px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;2px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;2px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_color=&#8221;#303030&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_css_main_element_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h1>Oral Argument Before an Appellate Panel<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Main Content Section&#8221; module_class=&#8221;inner-content-sec&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.0&#8243; collapsed=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Main Text&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|900|||||||&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;48px&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|700||on|||||&#8221; header_2_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.2em&#8221; text_line_height_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_line_height_phone=&#8221;&#8221; text_line_height_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;27px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_2_text_align_tablet=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_align_phone=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_align_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;27px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>In appellate litigation, the court of appeal conducts a hearing called &#8220;oral argument&#8221; after the parties have submitted all required appellate briefs and the appellate record.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_31105_1('footnote_plugin_reference_31105_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_31105_1('footnote_plugin_reference_31105_1_1');\" ><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_31105_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/span><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_31105_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">The appellate record, in turn, is the part of the official record of the case below that must or can be shown to the appellate court. It must include the appellant&#8217;s notice of appeal and&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_31105_1('footnote_plugin_reference_31105_1_1');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_31105_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_31105_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>After the court of appeals has received these items in accordance with its own briefing calendar, it gives notice of the date and time set for oral argument, which is then conducted by the panel of judges charged with deciding the appeal (the &#8220;reviewing judges&#8221; or &#8220;appellate panel&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p>Oral argument is typically the last proceeding in which the parties participate before the reviewing judges render their decision, which in turn usually constitutes the final adjudication of the entire case or all issues raised on appeal if the case is remanded to the court below for further proceedings. On rare occasion, the reviewing judges might order the parties to submit supplemental briefing on a specific point during or after oral argument, but usually oral argument is each party&#8217;s last opportunity to address the reviewing judges before they decide the appeal.<\/p>\n<p>To someone unfamiliar with them, oral arguments in appellate court might often seem meandering, inconclusive, and the very reverse of stirring, impassioned advocacy. But they are essential to appellate proceedings and can now be performed remotely in most courts of appeal.<\/p>\n<p>An oral argument is a very short session, which usually lasts exactly 20 or 30 minutes, but is sometimes even shorter. Longer sessions are occasionally scheduled in cases of the highest importance. Typically, speaking time is allotted in equal measure to each &#8220;side&#8221; (a party or group of parties with the same interest in the case). In most instances, the appellant and appellee each receive either 10 or 15 minutes to speak. To enforce these time limits, the court of appeal prominently displays a digital timer that counts down the available time by the second, then flashes red when time runs out. There is very little time to do much at all at oral argument.<\/p>\n<p>The parties&#8217; lead attorneys must appear, but can now do so remotely, and sometimes an intervenor also appears, as did the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice in one of Mr. Markham&#8217;s recent appeals. The parties themselves can attend and observe, but cannot be heard and should not call any attention to themselves.<\/p>\n<p>When oral argument is convened, the reviewing judges have already read the parties&#8217; briefs and examined the appellate record, and their judicial clerks have likely studied these matters closely and also conducted their own independent review of the controlling law. Most appellate attorneys therefore make no attempt to state their full positions to the reviewing judges. There is insufficient time to do so, and the effort would likely have little persuasive effect: by then the reviewing judges are already familiar with each side&#8217;s arguments, and they can always refer to the parties&#8217; briefs if they wish to brush up on any particular point raised in them.<\/p>\n<p>Oral argument serves a different purpose. It permits the reviewing judges to put questions to the attorneys, obliging them on the spot to defend vulnerable points, acknowledge omissions or failings in their arguments, and address particular points that perhaps were insufficiently explained in the briefs. By this question-and-answer session, the reviewing judges sometimes seek further information and often test the sufficiency of the arguments presented in the briefs.<\/p>\n<p>At oral argument, an appellant attorney&#8217;s core role is to <em>listen carefully to each judge&#8217;s questions<\/em> and to <em>answer them directly<\/em>. For attorneys, the core work of an appeal is done beforehand and lies in <em>assembling the appellate record<\/em>, <em>composing one or more appellate briefs<\/em>, and including in each brief <em>exact, accurate citations to the appellate record and controlling law.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Title for VideoTape of Curtin Maritime&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Times New Roman||||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Times New Roman||||||||&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;Times New Roman||||||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"10\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>CURTIN MARITIME CORP. v. SANTA CATALINA ISLAND CO.<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Ninth Circuit, Case No. 18-55338<\/h3>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> WILLIAM MARKHAM P.C. OBTAINS APPELLATE REVERSAL<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_video src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SxZwF5YMJWA&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;9th Circuit video &#8212; Curtin&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.1&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Title for Aya Video&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Times New Roman||||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Times New Roman|800|||||||&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;Times New Roman||||||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>AYA HEALTHCARE SERVICES, INC. V. AMN HEALTHCARE, INC.<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Ninth Circuit, Case No. 20-55679<\/h3>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>WILLIAM MARKHAM P.C. BRINGS SIGNIFICANT ANTITRUST APPEAL<br \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_video src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TVsgsY8PF-U&#038;feature=emb_imp_woyt&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;9th Circuit Video &#8212; Aya Healthcare&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.1&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_video][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_31105_1();\">References<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_31105_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_31105_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_31105_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_31105_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_31105_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_31105_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">The appellate record, in turn, is the part of the official record of the case below that must or can be shown to the appellate court. It must include the appellant&#8217;s notice of appeal and designation of the appellate record, as well as the judgment or order challenged on appeal, and it should also include other parts of the trial court&#8217;s official record that any party believes the appellate court should consider when ruling on the appeal. An appellate record thus consists only of designated court filings, designated transcripts of court hearings and the trial, additional court filings selected by a party, and specified trial exhibits, jury instructions, and\/or <em>voir dire<\/em> instructions selected for inclusion by a party.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_31105_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_31105_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_31105_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_31105_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_31105_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_31105_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_31105_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_31105_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_31105_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_31105_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_31105_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_31105_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_31105_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_31105_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Oral Argument Before an Appellate PanelIn appellate litigation, the court of appeal conducts a hearing called &#8220;oral argument&#8221; after the parties have submitted all required appellate briefs and the appellate record.(((The appellate record, in turn, is the part of the official record of the case below that must or can be shown to the appellate [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":30914,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<p>The two videos on this site show Mr. Markham's last two <em>oral arguments<\/em> in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeal, where each time he brought an antitrust appeal and argued for a reversal of a judgment against his client rendered by a United States District Court.<\/p><p>To someone who is unfamiliar with appellate oral arguments, these hearings might seem meandering, inconclusive, and the very reverse of stirring, impassioned advocacy. But they are essential to appellate proceedings and can now be performed remotely in most courts of appeal.<\/p><p>An oral argument is a very short session, which usually lasts 20 or 30 minutes, but is sometimes shorter. During this session, the parties' lead attorneys must appear to answer questions put to them by the appellate judges charged with deciding the appeal\u00a0 (usually, a panel of three appellate judges). Sometimes an intervenor also appears, as did the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice in one of Mr. Markham's appeals. The parties themselves can attend and observe, but cannot be heard and should not call any attention to themselves.<\/p><p>By the time oral argument is heard in any appeal, the reviewing judges have read the parties' briefs and examined the appellate record, and their judicial clerks have likely studied these matters closely and also conducted their own independent review of the controlling law. At oral argument, each side is afforded an equal amount of time to speak, usually 10 or 15 minutes in all. That's it. The appellate judges usually use a timer to make sure that no one speaks past his allotted time.<\/p><p>During oral argument, most appellate attorneys do not even try to recite their points and authorities. They lack enough time to do so, and the effort would likely have little persuasive effect: the appellate judges already know each side's points and authorities by the time of the hearing, and they can always refer to the briefs themselves if they wish to brush up on the parties' positions before deciding the appeal.<\/p><p>The purpose of oral argument, then, is not for each side to repeat its stated position, but rather to permit the appellate judges to ask the attorneys questions about their arguments (points), controlling law (authorities), the appellate record, and issues brought into relief by the parties' rival submissions. By these questions, the judges sometimes seek further information and sometimes wish to test or discredit arguments made in the briefs. At oral argument, an appellant attorney's core role is to listen carefully to each judge's questions and to answer them.<\/p><p>The core work of appellate litigation is done beforehand: it lies in <em>assembling the appellate record<\/em>, <em>composing the briefs<\/em>, and <em>providing exactly accurate citations <\/em>to the record and to controlling legal authorities that have not been superseded.<\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-31105","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.8 (Yoast SEO v24.8.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Oral Argument Before an Appellate Panel -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Appellate courts usually hear &quot;oral argument&quot; from the litigants before deciding an appeal. 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